Plurals of English Nouns
The plural of 12,096 English nouns, with irregular plurals grouped by rule and examples for each word.
All nouns from A to Z
Irregular plurals
Common English nouns whose plural is not made with -s or -es, grouped by how the plural is formed.
Plural the same as the singular
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| aircraft | aircraft |
| bison | bison |
| buffalo | buffaloes or buffalos |
| cod | cod or cods |
| deer | deer |
| elk | elk or elks |
| fish | fish or fishes |
| headquarters | headquarters |
| hovercraft | hovercraft |
| moose | moose |
| offspring | offspring |
| reindeer | reindeer or reindeers |
| salmon | salmon or salmons |
| series | series |
| sheep | sheep |
| spacecraft | spacecraft |
| species | species |
| squid | squids or squid |
| swine | swine or swines |
| trout | trout or trouts |
Nouns ending in -us: plural -i
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| cactus | cacti or cactuses |
| calculus | calculi or calculuses |
| colossus | colossi or colossuses |
| eucalyptus | eucalypti or eucalyptuses |
| focus | foci or focuses |
| locus | loci or locuses |
| nucleus | nuclei or nucleuses |
| oculus | oculi |
| radius | radii or radiuses |
| stylus | styli or styluses |
| syllabus | syllabi or syllabuses |
| terminus | termini or terminuses |
| uterus | uteri or uteruses |
Nouns ending in -is: plural -es
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| analysis | analyses |
| axis | axes |
| basis | bases |
| crisis | crises |
| diagnosis | diagnoses |
| emphasis | emphases |
| hypothesis | hypotheses |
| metamorphosis | metamorphoses |
| nemesis | nemeses |
| oasis | oases |
| paralysis | paralyses |
| prognosis | prognoses |
| psychosis | psychoses |
| synopsis | synopses |
| synthesis | syntheses |
| taxis | taxes |
| thesis | theses |
| travis | traves or travises |
Nouns ending in -on: plural -a
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| criterion | criteria |
| lexicon | lexica or lexicons |
| phenomenon | phenomena or phenomenon |
Nouns ending in -um: plural -a
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| aquarium | aquaria or aquariums |
| atrium | atria or atriums |
| bacterium | bacteria |
| consortium | consortia or consortiums |
| curriculum | curricula or curriculums |
| gymnasium | gymnasia or gymnasiums |
| maximum | maxima or maximums |
| medium | media or mediums |
| millennium | millennia or millenniums |
| minimum | minima or minimums |
| optimum | optima or optimums |
| palladium | palladia |
| podium | podia or podiums |
| referendum | referenda or referendums |
| spectrum | spectra or spectrums |
Nouns ending in -fe: plural -ves
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| afterlife | afterlives |
| housewife | housewives or housewifes |
| knife | knives |
| midwife | midwives |
| wife | wives |
Nouns ending in -f: plural -ves
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| behalf | behalves or behalfs |
| calf | calves |
| elf | elves |
| half | halves |
| hoof | hooves or hoofs |
| leaf | leaves |
| loaf | loaves |
| scarf | scarves or scarfs |
| self | selves or selfs |
| shelf | shelves |
| thief | thieves |
| werewolf | werewolves |
| wharf | wharves or wharfs |
| wolf | wolves |
Nouns ending in -a: plural -ae
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| ala | alae |
| antenna | antennae or antennas |
| aura | aurae or auras |
| fauna | faunae or faunas |
| mamma | mammae or mammas |
| nebula | nebulae or nebulas |
| nova | novae or novas |
| placenta | placentae or placentas |
| supernova | supernovae or supernovas |
| vita | vitae or vitas |
Nouns ending in -ex: plural -ices
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| apex | apices or apexes |
| codex | codices or codexes |
| vertex | vertices or vertexes |
| vortex | vortices or vortexes |
Nouns ending in -ix: plural -ices
Nouns ending in -eau: plural -eaux
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| beau | beaux or beaus |
Nouns ending in -man: plural -men
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| alderman | aldermen |
| baseman | basemen |
| batman | batmen |
| batsman | batsmen |
| bowman | bowmen |
| businessman | businessmen |
| cameraman | cameramen |
| chairman | chairmen |
| clergyman | clergymen |
| congressman | congressmen |
| councilman | councilmen |
| craftsman | craftsmen |
| dutchman | dutchmen |
| fireman | firemen |
| fisherman | fishermen |
| foreman | foremen |
| freeman | freemen |
| freshman | freshmen |
| gentleman | gentlemen |
| goodman | goodmen |
| gunman | gunmen |
| horseman | horsemen |
| letterman | lettermen |
| lineman | linemen |
| madman | madmen |
| man | men |
| nobleman | noblemen |
| ombudsman | ombudsmen |
| policeman | policemen |
| postman | postmen |
| salesman | salesmen |
| seaman | seamen |
| snowman | snowmen |
| spokesman | spokesmen |
| spokeswoman | spokeswomen |
| sportsman | sportsmen |
| statesman | statesmen |
| superman | supermen |
| watchman | watchmen |
| woman | women |
Plural with a vowel change
Other irregular plurals
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| child | children |
| corpus | corpora or corpuses |
| ethos | ethe or ethea |
| genie | genii or genies |
| genus | genera or genuses |
| grandchild | grandchildren |
| lev | leva or levs |
| lied | lieder |
| logos | logoi |
| lymphoma | lymphomata or lymphomas |
| mage | magi or mages |
| mare | maria |
| mons | montes |
| paolo | paoli |
| person | people or persons |
| quiz | quizzes |
| schema | schemata or schemas |
| vas | vasa |
| vis | vires |
Source and license
Word forms adapted from the Wiktionary entry of each word. Text available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 license. Word.ws left out forms marked obsolete, archaic, rare or dialectal. Wiktionary data of 2026-09-02.
Cite this page: “Plurals of English Nouns.” Word.ws, https://word.ws/plural/. Based on Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.