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How to use covariance in a sentence

14 example sentences · noun

Covariance means a statistical measure defined as scriptstyle operatorname Cov(X,Y)= operatorname E((X-μ)(Y-ν)) given two real-valued random variables X and Y, with expected values scriptstyle E(X),=,μ and scriptstyle E(Y),=,ν. Example: “For each augmented time window, we calculate windowwise covariances.”

Examples of covariance by meaning

nounA statistical measure defined as scriptstyle operatorname Cov(X,Y)= operatorname E((X-μ)(Y-ν)) given two real-valued...

  • The elements of such a correlation matrix do not have asymptotic variances and covariances of the form (1.2), even if S has a Wishart distribution.2002, Karl G. Jöreskog, Dag Sörbom, PRELIS 2 User's Reference Guide, Scientific Software International, page 28
  • Consequently, it can be shown that a covariance of two binary variables measures the extent to which the observed joint distribution of these variables differs from their expected joint distribution under the assumption that they are statistically independent.1997, Michael Patrick Allen, Understanding Regression Analysis, Plenum Press, page 31
  • If two random variables tend to be high and low at the same time, then the covariance will be positive.2005, Steven J. Janke, Frederick Tinsley, Introduction to Linear Models and Statistical Inference, Wiley, page 133

nounThe conversion of data types from wider to narrower in certain situations.

  • As we will see in Chapter 8, we see both covariance and contravariance throughout the Java Collections.2014, Benjamin J. Evans, David Flanagan, Java in a Nutshell, O'Reilly, →ISBN, page 149

More sentences with covariance

  • For each augmented time window, we calculate windowwise covariances.From the entry windowwise
  • The effect of seedling size on overwinter injury was analyzed separately by analysis of covariance.1996, Marek Jacek Krasowski, Measures to Reduce Overwinter Injury to Planted Spruce in Boreal Forest of British Columbia, page 4. From the entry overwinter
  • Based on incomplete data, estimators for bandable and sparse covariance matrices are proposed and their theoretical and numerical properties are investigated.2016, T. Tony Cai, Anru Zhang, “Minimax Rate-optimal Estimation of High-dimensional Covariance Matrices with Incomplete Data”, in arXiv. From the entry bandable
  • That is, the observed covariance between indicator y₁ and y₃ would mirror the understandable causal behavior of the corresponding underlying latents.2007, William Outhwaite, Stephen Turner, The SAGE Handbook of Social Science Methodology, →ISBN, page 166. From the entry latent
  • The existence of boni and mali for the different risks can be interpreted through the sign of estimated covariances.c. 1997, ASTIN Bulletin, page 48. From the entry mali
  • Dividing the covariances by the variance gives the autocorrelations.1990, K. Holden, D. Peel, John L. Thompson, Economic Forecasting, →ISBN, page 67. From the entry autocorrelation
  • Most recent research on modern open source codebases indicate that array covariance is extremely rarely used and is almost certainly a language misfeature.2014, Benjamin J. Evans, David Flanagan, Java in a Nutshell, O'Reilly, →ISBN, page 149. From the entry misfeature
  • I get why with covariance I can return a Dog (a Dog is a Mammal), but why does contravariance work the other way?2005, Jesse Liberty, Visual C# 2005: A Developer's Notebook, O'Reilly Media, →ISBN, page 47. From the entry contravariance
  • The novelty of this work lies in its incorporation of a general conjugate prior distribution for the covariance matrix, namely a generalized inverted Wishart distribution (GIW).2006, Nhu D. Le, James V. Zidek, Statistical Analysis of Environmental Space-Time Processes, Springer, page 142. From the entry Wishart distribution
  • These activities are usually taken to be the first local eigenvariate around the voxel of interest (a regional mean, weighted in accordance with the local covariance structure).2004, Kenneth Hugdahl, Richard J. Davidson, The Asymmetrical Brain, page 183. From the entry eigenvariate

Meaning of covariance

  1. noun A statistical measure defined as scriptstyle operatorname Cov(X,Y)= operatorname E((X-μ)(Y-ν)) given two real-valued random variables X and Y, with expected values scriptstyle E(X),=,μ and scriptstyle E(Y),=,ν.
  2. noun The conversion of data types from wider to narrower in certain situations.

Full definition of covariance

Questions about covariance in a sentence

How do you use covariance in a sentence?
Covariance is used as a noun. For example: “For each augmented time window, we calculate windowwise covariances.”
What is a short sentence with covariance?
“Dividing the covariances by the variance gives the autocorrelations.”
What does covariance mean?
Covariance means a statistical measure defined as scriptstyle operatorname Cov(X,Y)= operatorname E((X-μ)(Y-ν)) given two real-valued random variables X and Y, with expected values scriptstyle E(X),=,μ and scriptstyle E(Y),=,ν.

Source and license

Adapted from Wiktionary: covariance (page history and authors) and the entries each sentence comes from. Text available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 license. Word.ws chose the sentences, left out offensive ones and quotations older than 1900, and marked the word in each. Wiktionary data of 2026-09-02.

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